Junjun Pan

Zhejiang Junfan Agricultural Development Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311215, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
International Journal of Marine Science, 2026, Vol. 16, No. 1   
Received: 20 Nov., 2025    Accepted: 04 Jan., 2026    Published: 19 Jan., 2026

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the most economically important aquaculture species worldwide, and feed management plays a crucial role in determining production efficiency and profitability. Different feeding strategies can significantly influence shrimp growth performance, feed utilization, water quality, and overall economic returns. This paper reviews the nutritional requirements and feeding characteristics of Pacific white shrimp and systematically evaluates the effects of various feeding strategies, including fixed-time and fixed-quantity feeding, multiple small-meal feeding, and intelligent precision feeding. The impacts of these strategies on growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion ratio, environmental conditions, and disease management are analyzed. In addition, their economic implications, such as feed costs, production efficiency, and return on investment, are discussed. A comparative case study is presented to illustrate the practical performance of different feeding approaches in commercial shrimp farming systems. The findings indicate that optimized feeding management can improve feed utilization efficiency, enhance shrimp health, reduce environmental impacts, and increase farm profitability. Furthermore, the integration of intelligent feeding technologies offers promising opportunities for sustainable and precision aquaculture. This review provides valuable insights for researchers, aquaculture practitioners, and policymakers seeking to improve the productivity and sustainability of Pacific white shrimp farming.

Pacific white shrimp; Feeding strategy; Feed utilization efficiency; Aquaculture economics; Precision feeding technology